![]() Strict protocols have been developed for their care. Central venous catheters and lines are associated with more infections and more serious infections and other complications than peripheral catheters and lines. The site dressing and administration set are changed according to protocol. After initiating the infusion, the nurse ensures that the correct fluid is being administered at the designated flow rate and observes the infusion site and the patient at least every hour for signs of infiltration or other complications, such as infection, thrombophlebitis, fluid or electrolyte overload, and air embolism. A pump or controller is typically used to ensure desired volume delivery. The amount of fluid to be infused per hour is calculated and the flow of the prescribed fluid (and additive as appropriate) initiated at the desired flow rate. Using scrupulous aseptic technique and universal precautions, the nurse prepares the IV infusion, selects and prepares a venous site, disinfects the skin, inserts an IV catheter or cannula to initiate the infusion (if an IV access is not in place), and secures it in place, restraining joint motion near the insertion site as necessary. Clotting of blood in the catheter may occur when the infusion is not continuous. CAUTION!Intravenous infusions should be discontinued or infusion fluid replenished when the solution being administered is depleted. Introduction of solution should be at the rate required to deliver the needed amount of fluid and contained electrolytes, medicines, or nutrients in a prescribed time. The vein must be exposed if a cannula is used. Intravenous infusion is usually given in the arm through the median basilic or median cephalic vein, but veins at various other sites may be used. In shock, however, rapid infusion of larger volumes may be necessary to support the circulation. The solution is usually given continuously at the rate of 1 to 2 or more liters per day. The type and quantity depend on the needs of the patient. ![]() To steep in a liquid, so as to extract the soluble constituents (usually medicinal or herbal) To instil (a quality) in someone or something. Those commonly used include isotonic (normal) saline, lactated Ringer, dextrose 5% in water, and potassium chloride 0.2% in 5% dextrose. To fill, infuse or pervade with something or a certain quality. Many liquid preparations are given by intravenous (IV) infusion. The injection into a vein of a solution, drugs, or blood components.
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